To observe various cables and connectors used in networking.

To observe various cables and connectors used in networking.

Theory:

                                                                A network Cable   

Types..

1. Patch Cable

A patch cable connects two network devices. Patch cables are typically CAT5 / CAT5e Ethernet cables linking a computer to a nearby network hub, switch or router.

Ethernet patch cables are useful to those building home computer networks and also to travelers who need wired access to Internet connections such as those provided in hotel rooms. They are normally manufactured using stranded rather than solid sheathing in order to give them pliability that reduces risk of breakage when unplugging or carrying them.

A crossover cable is a specific type of Ethernet patch cable used to directly connect two computers to each other.

2.Ethernet Crossover Cables
A crossover cable directly connects two network devices of the same type to each other over Ethernet. Crossover cables are useful for temporary networking of devices when a network router, switch or hub is not present.

3.RS-232 Pinouts

These pinout diagrams illustrate the 9-pin and 25-pin serial line RS-232 standard network cables.                         

4.RJ45 Plugs and Jacks:

The RJ45 plug is an 8-position modular connector that looks like a large phone plug. There are a couple variations available. The primary variation you need to pay attention to is whether the connector is intended for braided or solid wire. For braided/stranded wires, the connector has sharp pointed contacts that actually pierce the wire. For solid wires, the connector has fingers which cut through the insulation and make contact with the wire by grasping it from both sides. The connector is the weak point in an Ethernet cable, choosing the wrong one will often cause grief later. If you just walk into a computer store, it's nearly impossible to tell what type of plug it is. You may be able to determine what type it is by crimping one without a cable.

RJ45 jacks come in a variety styles intended for several different mounting options. The choice is one of requirements and preference. RJ45 jacks are designed to work only with solid cable. Most jacks come labeled with color codes for either T568A, T568B or both. Make sure you end up with the correct one.

5. ST Connector

     

ST stands for Straight Tip- a quick release bayonet style connector developed by AT&T. STs were predominant in the late 80s and early 90s.

ST Connectors are among the most commonly used fiber optic connectors in networking applications. They are cylindrical with twist lock coupling, 2.5mm keyed ferrule. ST Connectors are used both short distance applications and long line systems. The ST connector has a bayonet mount and a long cylindrical ferrule to hold the fiber. Because they are spring-loaded, you have to make sure they are seated properly. They are easily inserted and removed due to their design. If you experience high light loss, try reconnecting.

ST connectors come in two versions: ST and ST-II. These are keyed and spring-loaded. They are push-in and twist types. They are rated for 500 mating cycles. The typical insertion loss for matched ST connectors is 0.25 dB.



6. BNC Connector   

A BNC connector for coaxial cables. These are either soldered, or crimped to the end of the cable. It is better to use one continuous length of cable, as these connectors weaken the signal strength.

The BNC connector is used for professional video connections, both for analog and Serial Digital Interface signals, amateur radio antenna connections, aviation electronics (avionics) and on nearly every piece of electronic test equipment manufactured in the last 35 or so years. This connector is an alternative to the RCA connector when used for composite video on commercial video devices, however many consumer electronics with RCA jacks can be used with BNC-only commercial video equipment via a simple adaptor. BNC connectors were commonly used on 10base2 thin Ethernet networks, both on cable interconnections and network cards, though these have largely been replaced by newer Ethernet devices whose wiring does not use coaxial cable. Some ARCNET networks use BNC terminated coax.